- Use the RECORDS preprocessor to distribute naturalized streamflows from gaged locations to ungaged points
- Perform a basic water availability simulation using WRAP
- Use the TABLES postprocessor to format WRAP output
- Use WRAP as a tool to make assessments of water availability for future demands
The WRAP modeling package is a set of Fortran programs : RECORDS, WRAP-SIM, and TABLES. RECORDS is a preprocessor that can be used to develop naturalized streamflows at control points with unknown flow records, given the naturalized streamflows at known points, such as gages. WRAP-SIM is the actual simulation model. TABLES is a postprocessor used to organize the voluminous model output into user-specified formats.
* = optional file
Dr. Wurbs built the model, so let's let him describe it :
"WRAP is a tool for assessing water availability for a river basin, or multiple-basin region, under a priority-based allocation system, such as the Texas water rights system. The simulation model is designed for evaluating capabilities for meeting existing and proposed water rights requirements and determining the unappropriated streamflows available for additional new permit applicants. WRAP-SIM performs sequential monthly water volume accounting computations associated with meeting water management /use requirements during a specified hydrologic period-of-analysis. Constant annual water use targets, which vary seasonally over the 12 months of the year, are combined with sequences of naturalized streamflows and reservoir evaporation rates representing basin hydrology. Water rights requirements include diversions, reservoir storage, instream flow needs, return flows, and hydroelectric power generation. The postprocessor program TABLES provides capabilities for organizing and summarizing WRAP-SIM simulation results by a variety of user-specified tables and reliability indices. The public-domain software package is generalized for application to any river basin, with input files being developed for the particular river/reservoir/use system of concern". (Wurbs, 1998)A river basin system is represented in WRAP by the following components :
Water Right | Control Point | Permittee |
4800 | A20 | City of Cooper |
4395 | A30 | City of Cooper |
4799 | A40 | City of Irving |
4798 | A40 | North Texas MWD |
4797 | A40 | Sulphur River MWD |
4797 | A40 | City of Commerce |
4795 | A70 | City of Wolfe City |
4796 | A80 | Webb Hill Country Club |
Naturalized streamflow = Historical streamflowNote that while other models may be helpful in preparing naturalized streamflows (e.g. reservoir simulation models), these calculations require a lot of old-fashioned research and work before even beginning to use a water availability model such as WRAP. In our basin, the naturalized flows for the years 1940-1996 have been determined by the contractors on the TNRCC Water Availability Modeling Program, R.J. Brandes and Associates, in the case of the Sulphur basin.
+ Diversions
- Return flows
+ Reservoir depletions
+/- Changes in runoff due to changes in land use
RECORDS develops WRAP hydrology records (streamflows and evaporation rates) at specified control points based on given records at other control points. Several options are available for methods of distributing naturalized streamflows from known to unknown points :
1. Counter (CT) Records and Control Point (CP) Records, "CTCP.txt"
Our file looks like this :
CT 8 7 8 1 57 0
**A10 IS SOUTH SULPHUR RIVER NR COOPER, GAGE # 7342500
CP A70 A60 0 0 5
CP A10 OUT 0 0 0 A70
CP A20 A10 0 0 5 A70
CP A30 A10 0 0 5 A70
CP A40 A10 0 0 5 A70
CP A50 A40 0 0 5 A70
CP A60 A40 0 0 5 A70
CP A80 A60 0 0 5 A70
The CP records define the connectivity and flow distribution methods among the control points. These records show: the control point, the next downstream control point (or OUT if it's an outlet), a multiplication factor for the inflow values (a "0" means to default to a value of 1), a multiplication factor for evaporation rates (a "0" means to default to a value of 1), a switch indicating the use of either total or incremental watershed areas (here the field is left blank meaning total watersheds are used), the "5" indicates that the NRCS flow distribution method is used ("0" means the values are input for the known point), and finally the location of the evaporation records ("A70" means they are copied from the known values given for CP A70).
Go here for a more specific format of this input file.
3. Watershed Parameters, "WP.txt"
The watershed parameters are provided here:
Go here for a more specific format of this input file.
4. Inflow and Evaporation Records, "INEV.txt"
Here you have the naturalized streamflows (IN) and net evaporation
rates (EV) for each known point, listed by month for each year of record.
Streamflows are given in acre-ft./month. Net evaporation rates are
defined here as the difference in gross reservoir evaporation minus precipitation,
so a positive value indicates a positive net evaporation. These values
are given in ft./month. This is an excerpt from our file :
** CP YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
** JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
IN A10 1940 170 2809 2376 44621 26170 22500
IN 0 0 14608 276 586 47 31054 57673
EV A70 1940 0.03 -0.11 0.21 -0.27 -0.11 0.16
EV 0 0 0.23 0.55 0.52 0.28 -0.32 -0.31
IN A10 1941 16241 23605 63490 57131 83575 30013
IN 0 0 9076 2378 809 562 4512 10955
EV A70 1941 0.11 -0.10 0.01 -0.32 0.03 -0.35
EV 0 0 0.18 0.36 0.44 -0.21 0.14 -0.06
What this says is that the naturalized flow at gage A10 in year 1940 is 170 acre-ft/mo in January, 2809 acre-ft/mo in February, …, 57673 acre-ft/mo in December. The net evaporation at control point A70 is 0.03 ft/mo in January, -0.11 ft/mo in February, etc. The values for 1941 follow those for 1940, and so on until all data for naturalized flow at point A10 and net evaporation at point A70 have been specified.
Go here for a more specific format of this input file.
Important! Be sure to call your output file, "Chapman1.hyd", this is necessary for the next step.
Your run should look like this :
etc...etc...etc...
RECORDS should run very quickly and output the file you specified. Your output file should look like this :
IN A70 1940 1. 8. 7. 94. 57. 50.This is the hydrology input file for WRAP-SIM. Now, all control points have streamflow and evaporation records for each hydrological year. Notice, that for evaporation rates, we have just copied values from the nearest known point. The evaporation rates are taken from values computed by the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) that represent the average value over a 1o X 1o quadrangle.
IN 33. 1. 2. 1. 67. 120.
IN A10 1940 170. 2809. 2376. 44621. 26170. 22500.
IN 14608. 276. 586. 47. 31054. 57673.
IN A20 1940 2. 12. 11. 157. 95. 82.
IN 55. 2. 4. 1. 111. 200.
IN A30 1940 5. 69. 58. 1049. 618. 533.
IN 347. 8. 15. 2. 733. 1353.
IN A40 1940 138. 2517. 2123. 41056. 24004. 20617.
IN 13343. 230. 505. 33. 28515. 53135.
IN A50 1940 35. 555. 470. 8728. 5126. 4409.
IN 2866. 56. 118. 10. 6080. 11275.
IN A60 1940 62. 1109. 936. 18000. 10531. 9047.
IN 5859. 103. 224. 15. 12507. 23289.
IN A80 1940 0. 1. 1. 23. 14. 12.
IN 8. 0. 0. 0. 16. 30.
EV A70 1940 0.030 -0.110 0.210 -0.270 -0.110 0.160
EV 0.230 0.550 0.520 0.280 -0.320 -0.310
EV A10 -1940 A70
EV A20 -1940 A70
EV A30 -1940 A70
EV A40 -1940 A70
EV A50 -1940 A70
EV A60 -1940 A70
EV A80 -1940 A70
You can import the text output of the hydrology file (Chapman1.hyd) into Excel by doing the following. Select the records you want to export in the hydrology file and copy them into a new text file. Be sure you save this new file as a .txt text file (not a Word document). Then, in Excel, go to File/Open, and set the "files of type:" window to Text Files. When you open the file, Excel will start its Text Import Wizard. In Step 1, choose "Fixed Width." In Step 2, you can modify the field widths if you like. Finally, choose the "General" column data format in Step 3, and you're done!
To be turned in. Choose one year from the hydrology file you have created. Make a chart showing the distribution of streamflows for control points A10 and A40 over the year. Do the results appear as you would expect?
In 1940, the flow in January at point A10 is 170 acre-ft/mo. Using the NRCS flow redistribution method, show that the corresponding flow in January at point A40 is 138 acre-ft/mo. Compare the flow so determined with the flow which would have been found at point A40 if a simple drainage area ratio had been used to do the flow redistribution from A10 to A40. What % difference is there between the flows at A40 determined by the two methods?
Water right seniority is fundamental to the simulation. The most senior right in the basin meets its diversion target and refills its reservoir storage capacity as if no other water rights existed.
To run the WRAP-SIM program, you need an input file and the basin hydrology
records. We just created the hydrology file for this basin, and luckily
for us, an input file has already been prepared for this model. The
input file describes all of the model components and sets the simulation
specifications. Take a look at the file "Chapman1.dat" As with
RECORDS, a two-character identifier is used for each type of record.
Types of records in this input file include :
T1, T2, T3 | titles or headings |
** | comments |
JG | water rights groups for output |
JD | job control |
UC | monthly use factors |
CP | control point information |
CI | constant monthly inflow or outflow |
WR | water right |
WS | water right reservoir storage |
IF | instream flow requirement |
SV | storage/area table volumes |
SA | storage/area table areas |
ED | end of data for the basin description |
WR 4800 A20 273 480019770103Each record tells you, in order, the water right number, the control point, the annual permitted diversion (acre-ft/year), the use type (each use has associated monthly distribution factors for the annual diversion), the priority date (given as YYYYMMDD), the type of water right (a WRAP definition for how the water right is treated in the model, where a blank indicates type 1), and there may be a return flow factor and a group identifier.
WR 4395 A30 1518 480019830906
WR 4799M A40 44820 4799M19651119 WRCHAP
WR 4799I A40 9180 CONST19651119 WRCHAP
WR 4798 A40 54000 479819651119 WRCHAP
WR 4797AM A40 26960 4797M19651119 WRCHAP
WR 4797AI A40 11560 CONST19651119 2 0.425 WRCHAP
WR 4797BM A40 0 4797M19651119 WRCHAP
WR 4797BI A40 0 CONST19651119 WRCHAP
WR 4795_1 A70 69 479519251231
WR 4795_2 A70 232 479519570812
WR 4796_1 A80 80 479619680311
WR 4796_2 A80 0 479619830418
Go here for a more specific record format.
Now lets run the model. WRAP-SIM works with a common filename, and identifies the different input and output files by their extension. In this case, we've called the hydrology and data input files "Chapman1.hyd" and "Chapman1.dat", so the output files will all be named "Chapman1" as well. Double-click on the Sim.exe file, or run the file from a DOS prompt. Be sure and specify the full path and filename for the root file "Chapman1", for example "Y:/hudgens/wrap/exercise/chapman1". The scratch files are used internally by WRAP and I suggest you just send them to your local temp directory. Your run should look like this:
etc... etc...
WRAP writes a lot of text output, and it's not particularly interesting by itself. Here's what the raw output for water rights looks like in the first few results from our simulation :
Program SIM (November 1998 Version) Output FileThese records are output for each water right and control point by month. These water right output records show you :
WRAP - SIM -- RUN 1
CHAPMAN WATERSHED
MARCH 1999
1940 57 12 8 14 5
4795_1 0.0 6.8 2.1 417.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1940 1
4795_2 0.0 22.9 3.2 823.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4799M 0.0 2917.8 585.6 306943.3 446.6 446.6 0.0 1940 1
4799I 0.0 779.5 585.1 306164.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4798 0.0 3930.8 582.8 302235.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4797AM 0.0 2286.2 581.5 299950.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4797AI 0.0 981.6 580.9 298969.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4797BM 0.0 0.0 580.9 298969.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4797BI 0.0 0.0 580.9 298969.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4796_1 0.0 3.5 0.4 35.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
IF4799 0.0 307.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 307.6 1940 1 307.6 0.0 IF
4800 0.0 21.4 2.0 142.6 2.0 2.0 0.0 1940 1
4796_2 0.0 0.0 0.5 56.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1940 1
4395 0.0 119.2 19.3 4756.6 5.0 5.0 0.0 1940 1
TABLES is a postprocessor for organizing the WRAP output file into more user-friendly summaries. It requires a WRAP output file, in some cases the WRAP input file, and a TABLES input file specifying the summaries to be output. There are four job types executed by TABLES. Within each job type, there are several records. Each record specifies a different type of summary or output to be made.
TITL SIMULATION OUTPUTThere are some additional records that add titles and comments, and mark the end-of-file:
COMM PRINT TITLE PAGE
PAGE
COMM CONTROL POINT SUMMARY FOR ALL CONTROL POINTS
2SCP 1 0
COMM CONTROL POINT SUMMARY FOR SELECTED CONTROL POINTS
2SCP 1 1 A40
COMM WATER RIGHTS SUMMARY
2SWR 1 0
COMM SAME FORMAT AS ABOVE FOR SELECTED WATER RIGHTS
COMM SUMMARY OF ALL RESERVOIRS
2SRE 1 0
COMM SELECTED RESERVOIRS ONLY
2SRE 1 1 CHAPMN
COMM RELIABILITY SUMMARY OF ALL WATER RIGHTS
2REL 1 0
COMM SAME FORMAT AS ABOVE FOR SELECTED
COMM NATURALIZED STREAMFLOWS AT CONTROL POINTS
2NAT 0 0
COMM SAME FORMAT FOR UNAPPROPRIATED STREAMFLOWS
2UNA 0 0
COMM SAME FOR STREAMFLOW DEPLETION
2DEP 0 0
COMM SAME FOR SHORTAGE TABLE
2SHT 0 0
COMM SAME FOR STORAGE TABLE
2STO 0 0
ENDF
TITL | titles or headings |
COMM | add comments |
PAGE | add header page to the output file |
ENDF | end of input data file |
These records are formatted in two ways.
A TABLES input file must have a ".ext" extension on the filename, but it does not have to have the same filename as the WRAP-SIM file you used. The example tables input file for this exercise, "Example.ext", includes all of the type two jobs listed above. To minimize the output, only run one or two jobs at a time, instead of putting all of them in one file as in the example. By now, you can probably guess how to run TABLES. Just double-click on the Tab.exe file or run it from a DOS prompt. The Tables input file that presents just the output at point A10 is called example1.txt. The Tables output file is called output1 (this could have been any name). The Wrap output file name is chapman1.out, which you computed in the previous step. The DOS dialog is as follows:
To be turned in. Run TABLES to determine the naturalized and unappropriated streamflows out of this basin. To do this, you'll only need the 2NAT and 2UNA records in the tables input file, applied to control point A10, the basin outlet. What are the average (mean) annual naturalized and unappropriated flows out of the basin? What % of the water is diverted on average? Draw a graph showing the annual volume of water that is appropriated as a function of the annual volume of naturalized flow. Briefly discuss these results. Is the amount of water appropriated in the basin constant from year to year?
Irving, Texas is located between Dallas and Fort Worth. It presently has a population of about 160,000 but there are 3.2 million people in the Dallas/Ft. Worth metropolitan area and the population is expected to grow rapidly. Here's a nice photo of Irving, courtesy of the chamber of commerce. If you look closely I think you can see the gridlocked rush-hour traffic jam just beyond the tree line...
As we've seen above, Irving currently holds rights to 54,000 acre-ft/year
of water out of Chapman reservoir. If the population doubles, an
increase of 160,000 persons, could their water demand be met from Chapman
reservoir? Assuming a use rate of 200 gallons per capita per day,
that is equivalent to an increased demand of 32MGD or about 36,000 acre-ft/yr.
The file "Chapman2.dat" has this diversion amount entered as a new water
right, water right #5000. The new water right will be the most junior
in the basin, with a priority date of March, 1999. Make a copy of
the "Chapman1.hyd" hydrology file and name it as "Chapman2.hyd" and run
WRAP-SIM. The DOS dialog looks like this:
First, lets take a look at the time series of storage levels in Chapman Reservoir. Another Tables input file has been prepared for this called example2.txt. The dialog to run this file is as follows:
Use Notepad to open this file. You'll see a monthly summary of end of period storage in column 3 (EOP Storage).
To be turned in: Make a plot of the End of Period Storage as a function of time. When does the storage go to 0? What does this imply about the supply of water to Irving during this period?
Now, lets examine the impact of adding the new water right to the performance of the other water rights dependant on Chapman Lake. Another Tables input file has been prepared called example3.txt which gives the reliability information for water right locations. Run this file to example the results from both chapman1.out and chapman2.out and compare the resulting reliabilities. The DOS dialog is the same as that shown above, except that you substitute example3.txt for example2.txt, and give new output file names to correspond to your new results, e.g. output3 and output3 corresponding to inputs from chapman1.out and chapman2.out respectively.
To be turned in: By what amount does the addition of the new water right for Irving affect the mean shortage (ac-ft/yr) available to the other users of Chapman Reservoir? Does the addition of this new water right affect the reliability of supply to the other water right holders in the basin apart from those drawing from Chapman Reservoir?
Every exercise must come to an end, and you've finally made it to this one. Hopefully you've got that sense of completion and feel like you've met the goals we started out with. If you're working in the LRC it would probably be nice to clean up the working directory. Until later,
"Documentation of New Features in the November 1998 Version of the Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP)." Wurbs, R.A., November, 1998.
"Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) Model Description and Users Manual." Dunn, D.D., Wurbs, R.A., October, 1996.
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